‘Dancing at Lughnasa’, dramatic techniques and devices Essay

* Foreshadowing †using gadgets (see underneath) or story; Friel frequently alludes to what comes later in the play, here and there subtle †in the primary exchange for instance, Chris says â€Å"When would we say we will get a nice mirror to see ourselves in? † †this could be deciphered as Friel demonstrating that the ladies are incognizant in regards to their general surroundings, to their own inward difficulty, and exactly how close their family is to the squint of breakdown. It is a decent line for Friel to feature that right now in time, everything is as it ought to be and nothing has disintegrated at this point, yet it will, and the sisters can't prognosticate it. * Use of emblematic gadgets, for example, the radio (the music anticipates occasions in the play, alludes to backstory, as a rule gives a feeling of what the ladies feel inside however can't communicate outwardly, used to reference setting and at last connection the ladies from their microcosm in Ballybeg to the more extensive world) or the kites (speaking to escape as a couple, perhaps Jack and Gerry, or, when one thinks about the tormented countenances, a foretelling of Rose and Agnes’s bound leave.) * Stage Directions †Friel’s stage bearings are exceptionally nitty gritty and this demonstrates to Friel, each and every character and stage detail is significant, (takes the initial scene for instance. ) Each auntie has their own, exceptionally specific in front of an audience character, however these are positively not 2D characters when Friel still leaves a few inquiries unanswered to the crowd †e. g; What is going on among Gerry and Agnes? How can it be that Friel needs Agnes to fly up in an energy, ‘on the purpose of tears’ when Kate is insulting Gerry, yet the circumstance between them is never investigated in more detail? It makes the bogus memory idea all the additionally fascinating, as the crowd can overlook this is the thing that Michael should recollect as ‘more genuine than incident’ and ‘both real and illusory’. * The Unseen Boy †In ‘Dancing at Lughnasa’, the storyteller is the grown-up Michael, and Friel picks additionally to have the grown-up Michael perusing the ‘boy’s lines, and the aunties should never address the kid. This is a dreamlike idea, however the two enables the crowd to recollect that the entire play is Michael’s memory; â€Å"When I cast my psyche back†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and furthermore anticipates Michael’s nonappearance and getaway later on in the play, or as a kid, his absence of comprehension of the circumstance. On the other hand, it again features the dreamlike idea that Michael can recollect things that could possibly have occurred as he is absent in those scenes. * The False Memory †â€Å"But there would one say one is memory of that Lughnasa time that visits me frequently; and what intrigues me about that memory is that it owes nothing to fact†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The play is to a great extent concentrated on Michael’s relationship with the recollections of his past, as his mixed squares of portrayal represent, yet there is the issue raised that, truth be told, did the vast majority of the play, where Michael isn’t present, even occur? It is completely expected to be from his memory, so how might he remember something which isn’t valid? The completion sets this inquiry further in the audience’s minds when Michael discusses a memory that genuinely has no real ground by any stretch of the imagination, and you can see components of this leaking in all through the play itself, (for example, impacts of thirties music or referencing to chronicled setting) and you can see it happened as though peppered with bits of memory that didn’t essentially occur at those occasions or in a specific order. It has a fantasy like quality consequently, and just when we wake up do we understand something was bizarre †I accept this is the impact Friel proposed to make for the crowd. With memory, we regularly recall what stands apart to us, not really organized appropriately, however what Michael makes plain toward the end is that his rendition of occasions is both genuine and envisioned simultaneously, and his recollections become all the more consistent with emotions as they go further from the real request of occasions.

Is Wind Going Green Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is Wind Going Green - Essay Example This implies wind is practicing environmental awareness. This article will talk about how wind vitality is supposed to be becoming environmentally viable. Wind vitality can be characterized as the transformation of motor vitality to a valuable type of intensity. This is accomplished using wind turbines, windmills, and wind siphons. Contrasted with other vitality sources, wind power has a few focal points subsequently; it is a superior other option. Wind vitality is copious, inexhaustible, creates no discharges, and it is generally conveyed (Walker and Jenkins, 1997). In this manner, wind power has no impacts on the earth, contrasted with different wellsprings of vitality. By 2010, wind vitality creation was over 2.5% around the world. This is a development of over 24% per annum. Wind power age has become a mainstream vitality age. Be that as it may, the development of wind ranches isn't all around invited. Recently, a large portion of the urban communities on the planet have begun stepping up to the plate and practice environmental awareness. These days, it is unmistakably obvious that most business structures have little wind turbines which are utilized for power age. These structures just utilize inexhaustible wellsprings of intensity that are normally found; in this way, they are alluded to as green structures. The expression ‘going green’ is presently all inclusive perceived as endeavors planned for securing the consumption of the ozone layer (Rhodes, 2011). Research attests that state venture charge credits have essentially decreased the weight of people who put resources into wind power. This credit gave permits the breeze speculators to diminish their expense commitment by some piece of the put sum in a breeze venture. A genuine case of a motivating force program is the Orcas Power and Light Cooperative (OPALCO) program (Walker and Jenkins, 1997). This program offers forthright installments for establishment of little wind turbines. In addition, this program has gotten a strangely high customer support rate. In the ongoing past, numerous states have drawn worries about using sustainable power source. Little

Essay Topics - What Are Essay Topics and How Do I Choose One?

Essay Topics - What Are Essay Topics and How Do I Choose One?If you have decided to write a formal high school or college essay, one of the biggest decisions that you will need to make is which essay topics to use. Although there are many different choices, the decision can seem overwhelming.Writing a great essay topic can give your entire essay life and meaning. The Ten Commandments of Writing Essays - What if I told you there was one single commandment that every writer should always follow? It's a no-brainer... follow the commandment that states that you must be prepared with a list of essay topics and get started.This is the best guide on what to do next, but it is not the only one! There are other important steps that need to be taken:Know your Essay Topics - Before you can write an essay, you need to know your topic. Knowing this allows you to avoid any obstacles that may stand in your way. And if you know exactly what your topic is, then you can do the research necessary to co mplete your research.Keep in mind that many teachers and even teachers who grade essays have specific rules about essay topics. Do not be afraid to ask them if they are going to allow an essay to be placed in a specific category, or what that category is. Remember that all writers are looking for the same things, and they want to know that the work is worthy of being placed in that particular category.You can find these categories in many ways. Some of the most common categories include poetry, fiction, historical, etc.Well... we can't cover all of those here, but I wanted to show you how much easier it can be to find the categories that you want. When you already know what you are looking for, then you can go into the research of the facts to make sure that the topic you choose is worthy of being placed in that particular category.That is the first step, the second step is to choose your essay topics! That is where I left off!

Deeper Interpretations of Sunrise by the Ocean by Vladimir...

Description Sunrise by the Ocean is a painting by Vladimir Kush that shows the sun rising between two halves of an egg shell. The sun is drawn directly in the middle of the painting. The sun is a very bold yellow that is the only source of brightness in the painting. The sky is not drawn with much color, appearing to by a shade of gray, showing the early hours of dawn before the sun has illuminated the sky. There are a few clouds in the sky directly over the sun. These clouds are dark gray in color and very thin. The rays of light that shine out from the sun cut through these clouds. The sun is at a point in its ascent that it barely sits on the water. The ocean is not drawn with much color either, drawn also as a shade of gray instead of the blue that most would expect it to be. The water from the ocean runs forward into a bay that sits in the foreground of the painting. The beach along the ocean and around the bay is very dark and somewhat neutral in color. The beach is the tan color that sand and dirt would be expected to look like, however it is dark and dull. It appears barren and lifeless, with the only plants being dead tree trunks that are twisted and broken. There is a man pulling a canoe onto the beach in the foreground of the painting. While it is obvious that this is a person, there are very little details about him that anyone can see. There are two halves of an egg shell sitting on either side of the bay entrance that frame the sun. This

Physical and Cognitive Development - 4648 Words

CONTENTS 1. Statement of the problem page 2 2. Aims page 2 3. Physical development page 3 3.1 Physical development during early adulthood page 3 3.2 Physical development during middle adulthood page 3 3.3 Physical development during late adulthood page 5 4. Cognitive development page 7 4.1 Crystallised and fluid intelligence page 7 4.2 Cognitive development during early adulthood page 8 4.3 Cognitive development during middle adulthood page 10 4.4 Cognitive development during late adulthood page 11 5. The influence of physical and cognitive development on adulthood page 15 6. Synthesis page 15 7. Bibliography page 17 1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Growth and development during†¦show more content†¦Beginning at around age 35 in both men and women, calcium is lost and bones become less dense. This can result in osteoporosis and a reduction of weight bearing capacity, leading to the possibility of spontaneous fracture. Thinning of the vertebrae also results in a reduction in height. In addition, the vertebrae calcify, resulting in postural changes and increasing rigidity, making bending difficult. The joints also undergo changes. In fact, arthritis, the degenerative inflammation of the joints, is the most common chronic condition in the elderly. The two most common forms are: • osteoarthritis (a wearing away of the joint cartilage) • rheumatoid arthritis (a disease of the connective tissue) These conditions can impair mobility and the performance of daily activities of living. For persons with disabilities this condition may occur at an earlier age. As we age, we experience a reduction in the production of hydrochloric acid, digestive enzymes, and saliva, as well as a reduction in the total number of taste buds. These changes can result in: • gastrointestinal distress • impaired swallowing • delayed emptying of the stomach Perhaps more importantly, the breakdown and absorption of foods may also be impaired, sometimes resulting in vitamin deficiencies of B, C, and K vitamins or, in extreme cases, malnutrition. If left untreated, these deficiencies may result in: •Show MoreRelatedPhysical and Cognitive Development1246 Words   |  5 PagesPhysical and Cognitive Development PSY/ 103 Introduction to Psychology This paper is will focus on the influences of physical and cognitive development in adolescence from 12 to 18 years of age. This part of the developmental stage has many factors that affect the physical development as well as the cognitive development in adolescence. 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Imagine groups of girls and boys striving to negotiate their growing bodies through the movement successes and failures; imagine that these children, despite their widely variable physical and social maturity levels, play well together, cooperate fairly, communicate respectfully, and exit the gym with class. Now, imagine this never happens†¦. (Halas, 2004) Physical education is the most important thingRead MoreDevelopment Of A Child s Cognitive And Physical Development811 Words   |  4 PagesHuman development involves a series of complex stages which bring about pivotal changes in a child’s cognitive and physical development. Ozretich and Bowman suggest other periods of rapid growth through middle childhood and adolescence such as moral development, self-concept, psychological and emotional traits, relationships to adults including parents, and peer relationships (2008). 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Pride And Prejudice By Jane Austen - 1660 Words

Jane Austen was an English writer whose works of sentimental fiction. In Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth Bennet is the champion and every sister settled on distinctive decisions as a young lady transitioning in the nineteenth century British society, for example, Jane and Lydia. What options for woman and ideas about female character and conduct does each one represent? Jane, Elizabeth and Lydia came out into the British society to discover a suitable and rich spouse; this was their section into society. The Bennet sisters named Jane, Elizabeth and Lydia represent devotion, virtue, accommodation and family life. Devotion is the wellspring of her quality; this implies that the woman has the characteristics of confidence, goodness,†¦show more content†¦The family itself is not as rich in light of the fact that they have no children. The property is obliged to go to a male beneficiary which is the Bennett s cousin know as Mr. Collins. Mrs. Bennet needs her daughters offered to a ffluent men exactly when Charles Bingley moves to Netherfield Park; she needs to acquaint her girls with him. Not just does Jane surmises that their necessities be fascination on both sides, she represents suitable personalities also. With this in mind, Jane and Mr. Darcy would never have been an immaculate match, as Mr. Darcy needs somebody witty and sufficiently striking to remain up to him. Mr. Bingley is significantly more agreeable and calm, has a superior personality for Jane. In spite of the fact that she adores Mr. Bingly, she isn t as romantic about it as her sister may be. She is more laid back and truly mannered willing to take whatever she can get that will secure her a decent position for what s to come. Jane and Mr. Bingley were promptly enchanted with one another when they initially met at the Netherfield Ball as Mrs. Bennet describes it to Mr. Bennet, Jane was so admired, nothing could be like it. Everybody said how well she looked; and Mr. Bingley thought her quite beautiful, and danced with her twice. Only think of that my dear; he actually danced with her twice; and she was only creature in the room that he asked a second time (Austen 10). Bingley was immediately pulled in by

Eriksons Theory the Post-Freudian free essay sample

Young Adulthood – ability to fuse that identity with the identity of another person while maintaining sense of individuality; a time from about age 19 to 30; circumscribed not so much by time as by the acquisition of intimacy at the beginning of the stage and the development of generativity at the end. psychosexual mode: genitality genitality – expression of ones search for identity and is basically self-serving; develop only during young adulthood when it is distinguished by mutual trust and a stable sharing of sexual satisfactions with a loved person; chief psychosexual accomplishment of young adulthood nd exists only in an intimate relationship. psychosexual crisis: intimacy versus isolation intimacy – the ability to fuse ones identity with that of another person without fear of losing it; can be achieved only after people have formed a stable ego. mature intimacy – means an ability and willingness to share a mutual trust; involves sacrifice, compromise , and commitment within a relationship of two equals. We will write a custom essay sample on Eriksons Theory: the Post-Freudian or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page isolation – psychosocial counterpart to intimacy; defined as â€Å"the incapacity to take chances with ones identity by sharing true intimacy† basic strength: love ove – the basic strength of young adulthood, emerges from the crisis of intimacy versus isolation; Erikson defined it as mature devotion that overcomes basic differences between men and women; also contains some degree of isolation because each partner is permitted to retain a separate identity mature love – means commitment, sexual passion, cooperation, competition, and friendship; enables a person to cope productively with the final two stages of development. exclusivity – the antipathy of love; the core pathology of young adulthood; becomes pathological when it blocks ones ability to cooperate, compete, or compromise. Adulthood – people begin to take their place in society and assume responsibility for whatever society produces; the longest stage of development spanning the years from about age 31 to 60. psychosexual mode: procreativity procreativity – refers to more than genital contact with an intimate partner; includes assuming responsibility for the care of offspring that result from that sexual contact. mature adulthood – demands more than procreating offspring; includes caring for ones children as well as other peoples children; encompasses working productively to transmit culture from one generation to the next. sychosexual crisis: generativity versus stagnation generativity – defined as â€Å"the generation of new beings as well as new products and new ideas; concerned with establishing and guiding the next generation, includes procreation of children, the production of work, and the creation of new things and ideas. self-absorption and stagnation – anti thesis of generativity; the generational cycle of productivity and creativity is crippled when people become too absorbed in themselves, too sef-indulgent which fosters a pervading sense of stagnation. basic strength: care are defined as â€Å"a widening commitment to take care of the persons, the products, and the ideas one has learned to care for; care arises from each earlier basic ego strength; not a duty or obligation but a natural desire emerging from the conflict between generativity and stagnation or self-absorption. rejectivity – the antipathy of care; the core pathology of adulthood; it is the unwillingness to take care of certain persons or groups; manifested as self-centeredness, provincialism, or pseudospeciation; Erikson: â€Å"has far-reaching implications for the survival of the species as well as for every individuals psychosocial development. Dan McAdams and his colleagues to measure generativity generate research – Eriksons theory was rated somewhat higher than average. 2. falsifiability – Eriksons theory is limited mostly to developmental stages. It does not adequately address such issues as personal traits or motivation, a limitation that subtracts from the theorys ability to shed meaning on much of what is currently known about human personality. 3. guide to action – Eriksons theory provides many general guidelines, but offers a little specific advice. Compared to other theories discussed in this book, it ranks near the top in suggesting approaches to dealing with middle-aged and older adults. 4. internal consistency – Eriksons theory was rated high here, mostly because the terms used to label the different psychosocial crises, basic strengths, and core pathologies are very carefully chosen. 5. parsimony – or criterion of simplicity, was given a moderate rating. The precision of its terms is a strength, but the descriptions of psychosexual stages and psychosocial crises, especially in the later stages, are not clearly differentiated.

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Focus Group Research Essay Example

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Focus Group Research Essay Focus groups are a prominent method of enquiry, regularly used within the field of social science and in particular, qualitative research. The focus group practice involves a number of participants having an open discussion on a specific topic, set by a researcher. The researcher acts as a moderator to aid discussion by using probes to collect desirable data. This process is recorded and transcripts are used to interpret and analyse given information. Carson et al (2001, p. 114) refers to focus groups as â€Å"A research technique that collects data through group interaction on a topic or topics†. They also suggest that the central distinctive characteristic of focus groups is group interaction, which generates a mass of data, which would be inaccessible without using focus groups. Focus groups are used in many industries to collect ideas and understanding. Carson et al (pg 8) suggest that groups as a social research tool have been used for some time but the term ‘focus group’ was established in the classic study, The Focused Interview by Merton et al (1956). Merton’s study influenced the creation of the procedures that are now accepted as common practice in focus groups. Although this particular method possesses a substantial number of strengths, focus groups also occupy a number of weaknesses that disadvantage the researcher and limit findings which can be discussed in relevance to theories. Firstly, Dawn Snape and Liz Spencer (2003, p. 3) propose that it is important to define the practice of qualitative data before discussing the implications of it. They also suggest that qualitative research is difficult to define and can never entirely be classified. We will write a custom essay sample on The Strengths and Weaknesses of Focus Group Research specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Strengths and Weaknesses of Focus Group Research specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Strengths and Weaknesses of Focus Group Research specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They infer that there is a wide consensus that qualitative research is a naturalistic and interpretive approach, with an emphasis on the understanding of the meanings which people attach to phenomena. This point is supported by Alan Bryman, he comments: â€Å"The way in which people being studied understand and interpret their social reality is one of the central motifs of qualitative research. † (Bryman, 1998, P. 8) Snape and Spencer refer to qualitative research as a complex, subjective and observational approach which takes focus on participant’s frames of reference. There are no rules or single accepted way of exerting qualitative research, the methods are dependent on; ontology, the beliefs regarding the social world and epistemology, the beliefs regarding the nature of knowledge. In addition, qualitative research draws on philosophical, psychological and sociological ideas in order to search for in-depth data to aid the explanation of social phenomena. The key argument of qualitative research is that human behaviour is not simply driven by external forces; humans actively contribute to the construction of their own social world. The central purpose of qualitative research is to explore meanings by interpreting data, rather than searching for specific answers by quantifying empirical data. A major critique of qualitative research is the fact that everyone is different and holds and creates their own schemas, so therefore there can be no definitive answer or explanation. The history of qualitative research is also important to acknowledge, in order to place focus groups into context. Traditionally, social science research imitated natural science methods in an attempt to create universally accepted laws. Social science suppresses many philosophical underpinnings, which influenced this consensus. There were three key people implicated in these underpinnings, each pursuing the idea of the previous. The first key philosopher was Rene Descartes (1596-1650), an empirical researcher. In his book, Discourse on Method (1637), Descartes suggested that the search for the truth could be completed by using methods of objectivity, in order to accumulate observable evidence. Following Descartes was another key philosopher, David Hume (1711-1776), also an empirical researcher. Hume also believed that objectivity, as well as unbiased and direct observation, could produce substantial empirical evidence. Lastly, Auguste Comte (1798-1857), a sociologist and empirical researcher, proposed that the invariant laws apparent in natural science were also present in matters of social science. Comte implied that research methods used in natural science were also appropriate to the study of social science and phenomena. Comte influenced 20th Century research paradigms, which resulted in a school of thought called positivism. Positivism states that only observable phenomena count as knowledge. Positivism also promotes scientific research methods and empirical testing of hypotheses. Positivism encouraged the formalising of quantitative research methods, collecting numerical data. However, other philosophical perspectives challenged positivism. Immanuel Kant, (1724-1804), a philosopher, suggested that there were other ways to understand the world. He believed knowledge could be acquired through interpretations and experiences. Other perspectives, such as that of Kant, consequently led to the employment of another school of thought called interpretivism. Interpretivism promotes subjective understanding of meaningful experiences. Interpretivism encouraged the formalising of Qualitative research methods to overcome the limitations that quantitative research possessed. The use of focus groups as a qualitative and interpretive method of enquiry comprises of a number of strengths and weaknesses. One of the most prominent strength of focus groups is the ability to collect both new and rich information. Carson et al (p. 114) suggest that the new results that focus groups produce could not be possible with other methods of enquiry as they do not allow the same sense of exploration. They argue that focus groups are an exploratory and developmental method of enquiry, not limited to just listening to what people have to say but by using interpretation skills, generates insights into the sources of certain behaviours and perceptions. Furthermore, Carson et al (p. 115) argue that focus groups can contribute information that may help to; obtain pre-conceived ideas and stimulate new ideas on, help to diagnose former or potential problems, generate further research ideas and establish how participants discuss and construct their own schema of phenomena. Additionally, they believe that meaningful construct is interpreted from the highlighting, exchanging and revising of opinions, perceptions and differences. Another strength of focus groups is the depth of understanding of the generated information. Carson et al (p. 115-116) imply that depth of understanding enabled by focus group allows a deeper appreciation of the phenomenon. They also outline the fact that focus groups bring together and allow the analysis of diverse opinions rather than a single one, which would generate from other methods of enquiry. The discussion of these opinions, which allow participants to share their own ideas and listen to others, creates a type of forum. This allows the researcher to note the response of one participant to another. As a result, the researcher is at an advantage as they have no need to speculate about differences in participants and data as this is evident within the focus group transcript. Ritchie and Lewis (2003, p. 87) agree with this theory as they imply that allowing the participants of a focus group to refer to their own personal experiences influences them to build upon what other participants have said and refine their own view, this creates a more in depth discussion and findings. However, Silverman (2001, p. 221) argues that researchers should not rely on experience to count as knowledge: â€Å"The assumption that ‘experience’ is paramount is not at all new†¦to focus on ‘experience’ alone undermines what we know about the cultural and linguistic fo rms which structure what we count as ‘experience’. Furthermore, another prominent strength of focus groups as a research tool is flexibility and group interaction. Flexibility and group interaction is the most fundamental and unique aspect of focus groups. Ritchie and Lewis (p. 175) suggest that group interaction is a major strength of focus groups as it allows an open and energetic discussion built on motivation and enjoyment. Ritchie and Lewis (p. 188) also propose that these conditions allow a more truthful debate, which are more in depth and passionate. Ritchie and Lewis explain that group interaction enables participants to work together, quickly developing a ‘synergy’ which allows greater depth of insight into even the most challenging of subjects. This confidence allows the participants to dominate the focus group procedure thus allowing them to determine their own narrative, helping to expose the culture and values of each individual. Ritchie and Lewis describe this strength as â€Å"the most productive phase of the group process. †(Ritchie and Lewis J, 2003, p. 176) Carson et al (p. 16) agree with Ritchie and Lewis by suggesting that â€Å"interaction is a unique strength of focus groups and should improve the quality of the ideas and opinions generated†. They propose that the participants act upon their own comparisons and ideas rather than relying on the moderator as a medium of discussion or speculation. Carson et al further their explanation by emphasizing that the vital strength of focus groups, as a qualitative and interpretive research tool, is its capacity to expose intricate behaviours and motivations. Carson et al infer that this strength is a simultaneous reaction to group interaction. Furthermore, the role of the researcher within this interaction is also advantaged. Ritchie and Lewis highlight the fact that the role of the researcher in the group is more active and physical than in interviews. Denzin and Lincoln (1994, unknown source) agree by stating: â€Å"Qualitative research is a situated activity that locates the observer in the world. † This quote infers that they believe that focus groups allow the researcher to situate themselves and get involved. This is a significant strength of focus groups as it allows the researcher to actively listen then act upon given information by using appropriate probes to gain further or richer information. However, this theory is over shadowed by a weakness of focus groups, the lack of control and high level of unpredictability. Ritchie and Lewis (p. 116) state that sometimes it is difficult for the researcher to dominate a focus group. Participants can easily move from the focal topic of discussion to a topic that they would prefer to talk about; this may have no relevance to the phenomena being researched. Never the less, group interaction, according to Ritchie and Lewis ( p. 175), allows prominent socially accepted views, behaviours and norms to be revealed to the researcher. Ritchie and Lewis refer to this feature as a potentially valuable aspect of data as it allows the researcher to assess the context and vulnerability of the participant’s ideas. However, it is important to note that this data must be monitored and compared to transcripts later on, as the participants generally become more comfortable with expressing less confirming views. This is evident in a prominent weakness of focus groups called demand characteristics. Ritchie and Lewis (p. 185) suggest that participants may realise the intentions of the researcher and as a result give them information that they think they want, instead of their true opinions. This can cause false interpretations and therefore invalid information. Furthermore, Ritchie and Lewis discuss real or imaginary pressure, which can also cause problems; â€Å"a common criticism of focus groups is that the group exerts a pressure on its participants. † (Ritchie. R and Lewis, J, 2003, p. 88). Participants may feel the need to give politically acceptable answers, feel under pressure to conform to other participants or adjust their views to fulfil social norms; this can cause inconsistency in the findings. None the less, another suggestion of why group interaction is a primary strength of focus groups is it allows the advantage of group diversity. Ritchie and Lewis (p. 188) consider tha t group discussion can reveal differences and diversities between participants which awards the researcher with a key opportunity to explore group diversity. Ritchie and Lewis believe that delving into diversity and dimensions of difference can both explain and explore causes, effects and consequences. Additionally, they suggest that by using heterogeneous rather than homogeneous participants, the resulted discussion can provide different perspective and views, which should need no persuasion by the moderator to be aired. However, too much diversity can result in weak data. Ritchie and Lewis (p. 190-191) also discuss that too much diversity can actually inhibit discussion. For example, major diversities in socio-demographic makeup, such as social status, of a group of participants can influence how open the group are. Participants may feel uncomfortable, threatened by others or anxious about the response they may receive. This weakness may make it difficult for the researcher to cover key topics in depth. Ritchie and Lewis emphasise the need for a balance in diversity of the participants Another strength of focus groups is the advantage of a good sample. By using certain participants within a focus group a researcher can gain strong results. Ritchie and Lewis (p. 192) suggest that using participants, who know each other or hold some type of relationship, can trigger pre existing memories which are extremely valuable for exploring and interpreting shared meanings. Furthermore, this set up can create a feeling of a safer atmosphere for participants to air their views or opinions. In comparison, using a sample of strangers can also be comforting for the individuals as they feel they may never see the other participants again therefore feel no need to hold back. However, a weakness in sampling is also present. Ritchie and Lewis (p. 192) note that a substantial problem with using a preconceived group of participants is group norms may dominate, limiting the openness of discussion. Furthermore, they state that any shared meanings may not be expanded on enough, as they may be taken for granted. This may result in the meanings having no value at all. Additionally, strangers may hold back discussion too much and fail to develop a ‘synergy’. The last strength of focus groups as a qualitative and interpretive method of enquiry is the advantage of saving time and money. Carson et al (p. 116) explain that the same number of participants used in other methods of research, such as interviews, can contribute information in the same or less time within a focus group as the latter are conducted in a group setting, rather than in repetitive and tedious, individual settings. Additionally, analysing and transcripts of information only need to be completed once. Consequently, this also saves the researcher money too. All fees are only payable once, such as room hire, or recording equipment. However, Morgan and Krueger (1993) criticise this account by stating that recruiting willing participants for focus groups can be both time consuming and costly unless participants are easily accessible. Many people are reluctant to take part without an incentive, refreshments and even paid travel, which can also be costly. In conclusion, focus groups as a qualitative and interpretive method of enquiry possess a substantial number of strengths and weaknesses. The main advantages are the collection of new information, the depth of understanding, group interaction, strong samples and savings in time and money. However, these strengths are also over shadowed by a number of weaknesses which could interrupt the consistency of data. However, as Carson et al (p. 117) suggest, the mass of advantages of focus groups easily outweigh the disadvantages. This may be because it is evident that focus groups as a method of enquiry, achieve more insight and depth of understanding than would individually be generated. Furthermore focus groups hold a unique strength, group interaction, not found in any other method. Finally, when evaluating the quality of results from a focus group, it is important to remember, as Ritchie and Lewis (p. 196) explain, that the most stimulating and successful focus groups come with experience.

Beowulf and 9-11 essays

Beowulf and 9-11 essays Parallels between Beowulf and the World Trade Center Tragedy Beowulf, the story of a single man who brings a super power to its knees is a story that is cliched many times in contemporary works. In the wake of the recent tragedy involving the World Trade Center I believe this epic takes on a whole new meaning. As previously stated this story of a single man by the name of Beowulf who has an unlimited amount of respect from his people and loyalty toward his country decides to attack an immovable super power by the name of Grendle. To parallel this to the recent tragedy I would associate Beowulf with Osama Bin Laden and Grendle with the United States of America. This comparison might offend many people but I believe that with much unbiased thought the connections are undeniable. First of all Grendle is a hated individual with an unprecedented amount of power, too much of the world mainly Arabic and Islamic nations this is exactly how the United States is perceived. At the beginning of this epic Grendle makes the first strike and attacks helpless civilians, much like what the United States did during their bombing raids of Arabic nations such as Iraq and Afghanistan and even during the Vietnam war an example of that would be the massacre at May Lai. Then came the coming of Beowulf a man who most likely unfamiliar to Grendle, Beowulf took Jute civilians and trained them to fight and not fear Grendle, much like how Osama Bin Laden trained and funded Arabic and Muslim civilians to fight and not fear the United States, also Osama bin Laden was a very obscure individual to many Americans before this weeks tragedy. During the battle between the two enemies, Beowulf mortally wounds Grendle and the beast crawls back to its lair to recover and to plan its next attac k. In relation to last weeks situation, Bin Laden wounded Americas economy and pride and as of late America has been plotting its next move against Bin laden and the Arab...

Comparing two business plans Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Comparing two business plans - Lab Report Example It also reflects the key elements considered by both the businesses for achieving competitive advantage in the market. The study concludes with an insight into the recommendations provided to both the businesses for overcoming the weaknesses and challenges and maintaining their position in the market. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Analysis 4 Findings 7 Conclusion and Recommendations 9 References 10 Introduction The project deals with the comparison of two business plans. This would help in analysing of their strategic short term and long term strategies followed by their financial accounting control methods. This would further help in finding out the strengths and weaknesses related to the strategic business plans of the two chosen companies and providing suggestions based on the findings. The two businesses that have been chosen for comparing their business plans are Daily perc cafe and Watertower Cafe. Daily Perc Cafe is a beverage retailer. It is a breakfast and lunch cafe providing outdoor concept to the customers for relaxing and having fun (Rope-een, 2011). It implements the system which is very new to the beverage as well as food service industry for providing cold and hot beverages in a time efficient and convenient manner. The setting of this cafe has upscale scenery along with calm soothing tone for offering comfort (Foursquare, 2013a). The cafe provides the customers with a touch of home. The Daily Perc provides its customers with fine cold and hot beverages specially blended teas, coffees and various other custom drinks. The Watertower Cafe is full service cafe/restaurant situated in Sweet Auburn District in Atlanta (Foursquare, 2013b). The restaurant mainly provides moderately priced food which is highly influenced by the French and African traditions. The restaurant specially features a coffee house having desert bars, areas for live performances, magazines etc (Yelp, 2013). Analysis Strategic planning helps in achievement o f competitive advantage in the business operations by the management of all the operational, financial and marketing activities (May, 2010; Lientz, 2010; Hall, 2004). Through this planning process it becomes easier to overcome the challenges and achieve success in the market (Cassidy, 2005). The Daily Perc The Daily Perc mainly focuses on two market segments: a) the daily commuter and b) the captive consumer. The daily commuters are those who are travelling from/to work, out for shopping or drive, offering products and services etc. The captive consumers are those who remain in restricted environment which does not allow favourable departure or return when searching for refreshment because the refreshment is considered an integral element of the environment (Palo Alto Software, 2012). The cafe penetrates in both these consumer segments by means of deployment of the ‘drive thru facilities’ or ‘mobile cafes’ in most accessible locations. The cafe provides pre mium coffees in very little time than needed in order to satisfy its customers. The cafe considers four main points as the drivers which would help in the achievement of success. They are The best locations to attract the customers. Quality products comprising of fresh coffee beans, premium serving containers, clean equipments, consistent flavour etc. Friendly servers Finest Reputation created by means of word-of-mouth advertisements, various public relation and other

Gun Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Gun Control - Essay Example nd little remaining threat from wild animals; the government is stable and elected by a democratic process and the citizens of the country have the most powerful armed force ever assembled by humankind in addition to several levels of law enforcement that protect it. Rather than being a means of protecting society, the right to own guns has become a detriment to the safety of society which is in opposition to the intentions of the Founders. As this discussion will show, ‘the right to bear arms’ is no longer a necessary protection in the modern world. Gun control generally works toward legislating and controlling the distribution of the weapon that kills the most people, handguns. Most gun control advocates are willing to compromise on the ownership of rifles and shotguns if handguns could be made illegal, thus statistically reducing the number of gun-related deaths occurring in this country per year. In this way, the right to bear arms is protected based upon the spirit of the Founding Fathers and so are the thousands of usually urban dwellers that die from handguns every year. Of course, it must be acknowledged that when reading the Second Amendment in context, only armed militias have the right to keep and bear arms. However, given the current strong emotions tied to the issue and the popularity of guns in this country, a compromise is the only solution. Individuals on both sides of the issue must learn to recognize that ideologies concerning guns and their possession are formed by a person’s innermost beliefs, cultivat ed by years of thought and shaped by life’s numerous experiences and family cultural context. An ideological debate causes a more emotive response in individuals than does any other. Political ideologies can never die and in politically turbulent times, such as these, are very much alive. The 9/11 attacks, abortion debate, the war in Iraq, the loss of civil liberties, global warming, health care, gay marriage, stem cell research

Special Needs Education In India

Special Needs Education In India Special Education or special needs education refers to the education of physically or mentally challenged students whose learning needs cannot be met by a standard school curriculum. Special instructional methodology, techniques, materials are provided. But because is education, it helps students reach a superior level of personal self-sufficiency. It is not easy to find reliable data about the number of children with disabilities in India. The lack of data available reflects the poor policies implemented by the Indian government for those children with disabilities and their families as well. Moreover, some families hide their disable children for fear of shame. Thus, this report relies on the projected figures made by surveys. Estimations show that about 40 million children in India, from the age of 4-16 years old, are disabled. India measures disability in five categories: hearing, sight, speech, locomotors and metal- excluding others such as autism. Taking this measure into account, surveys rely that 35 million children are physically challenged and 5 million are mentally ones. But what is worst is that 90 percent out of those 40 million are out of school- majority of them living in rural areas- which means that 9/10 children are not provided with education. And this is what the government should look at. The educational facilities provided to children with disabilities have grown gradually in the past years. These ones range from special schools to Inclusive education. Special Schools are apart from the General Education System. In early times, special schools in India were a voluntary program. By 1950s, there were around 10 special schools in India. In the year 1960s, the government began awarding grants to NGOs for the creation and upkeep of special schools. By this year, 39 special schools were created. Thirty years later, in the 1990s, there was an incredible growth. Around 1100 special schools were created and spread all around the country. This growth was mainly due to the creation of Acts (e.g. Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation, 1995), polices and the availability of more number of professionals trained to teach in special schools. It is hard to estimate the exact number as some NGOs who created such schools havent been included in directories. Moreover, most of them are register as Societies or Trust. Therefore, there is no recognition of such special schools due to poor documentation. Moreover, in the past years, much parent organization in India established special schools for children with intellectual disabilities in different parts of the country- this reflects the involvement of parents. Latest surveys estimate that there are more than 3000 special schools in India but only few of them, those in urban areas, have the needed resources, or trained teachers. Now, where is the money for special schools in rural areas?. Until the 1970s, the policy encouraged segregation. It was believed by educators that children with intellectual and physical disabilities couldnt take part in activities of common schools because they were different. Over the time, this policy of segregation was dissolute. They started to believe that if the child was ready to make a shift, this one should be transferred to a general school. And here is when the idea of inclusive education was introduced. In the year 1974, the government implemented the first program Integrated Education for Disabled Children (IEDC). But the government didnt work alone. Some NGOs partner and participated in the implementation of it (e.g. SYSS). These provided the training for teachers to practise inclusion, ensure that children with disabilities enrol in common schools and provided with the resources and materials needed. Inclusive Education is a part of the General Education System. The program aimed to integrate the children with disabilities in the general schools and so in the community. By doing this, they create an inclusive culture. Disabled children will be now ready for a normal development and able to face life with self-confidence. There are two kinds of Inclusive Education: part time and full time. Part time education refers to disable students attending general classes for less than half a day. They generally attend the less difficult subjects with children without disabilities and the others with students who are facing similar disabilities. Full time education refers to disable students attending general classes along with students without special needs. These students are more likely to have mild disabilities. I conclude by saying that in a country so big like India, which the worlds second largest population (1.22 billion) and with the second largest education system, there is large number of children with disabilities and a big number of them who are out of school. And the major responsibility of any government is to provide basic education. This one is a powerful instrument of social change. There is definitely a strong link between poverty and disability in the country. Most of the people with disabilities are seen as part of a fifth castle-below all others- reinforcing their marginalisation from society. As a result these are discouraged to go to school and end up being vagabonds. But what is even sadder is that in some cases families make their children disable somehow by cutting arms, legs, others so that they can beg for money in the streets. The government needs to understand that these children are highly productive and contributing citizens. So their education cannot be ignored. Despite the efforts of the NGOs and the government, it is clear that the national objective Education for all has not being achieved yet. Clear examples are the private schools in some urban areas of India, which have voluntarily implemented special education. This doesnt show anything more than the geographically inequalities in the country where are the schools that offer special education in rural areas? Additionally, because they are private schools require the payment of fees, making it not accessible for all. There is an important need to make easier the access of disable children to education. Because of the size and diversity of the country, the government should take the responsibility of implementing a central policy and have as priorities improve the educational system and therefore improve the childrens quality life. Networking with NGOs across the country is essential because of their proximity to people and the innovation into educational programmes. The government should provide grants in aid. Despite, there is a factor to take in consideration- Corruption. India is a very corrupted country. The government gives grants and you never know where it goes. So, when the grants are given to the NGOs, these ones should use it for the implementation and development of educational programmes and the provision of the necessarily resources- such as the infrastructural facilities, educational materials and equipments, training teachers to practise inclusion and respect disabilities, others. To measure the right use of it, a third body should control what is done. Moreover, the government together with the NGOs should adopt strategies and improve the accessibility for educating children with disabilities, primarily I believe through the Inclusive Education System. Why not through special schools? I believe special schools are medical interventions which promote somehow isolation, segregation and social exclusion. Thus, by integrating disable children into normal classrooms, a culture of inclusion will be created; a model of desegregation will be built, benefiting all children, achieving equality in education and so contributing in the long-term goal of Education for all. But not leaving special schools aside. A bridge should be built between both practices. Classrooms should be representative of the society in which we live. There is no society without people with disabilities. Therefore, why shouldnt classrooms include disable students to reflect the society?.

Sheyann Webb :: essays research papers

On August,13 1860, Pheobe Ann Moses was born to Jacob and Susan Moses in their one room cabin in Patterson, Ohio. When Annie was around 6, her father contracted pnemonia while traveling the 18 miles home from town in a blizzard, and died in the spring of 1866. Afterward, Susan had trouble supporting the six childen. After the three older children married and left, Mrs.Moses was forced to send the three younger children to neighbors' houses. One day while dusting the funiture, Annie decided to take down her father's gun and clean it. A few days later, she saw a squirrel running in the field. Excitedly, she took down the gun and loaded it. She hastily aimed and fired. To her suprise, the squirrel was cleanly shot though the head, even though she was only 8 years old! Annie's mom liked having the meat for dinner, but the family's Quaker religion opposed violence. Annie had to promise never to use the gun on someone. Annie was well known in Cincinnati for her cleanly shot birds. People who ate the birds did not have to worry about chipping a tooth on scattered bird shot. A restaraunt owner set up a shooting match with the well known sharpshooter, Frank Butler. Annie shot all 25 birds while Frank shot only 24. Later, Frank would say that he lost two things to Annie that day: the match and his heart. Annie and Frank went on the road as a team. Annie wanted a fancy name, so she settled on Oakley, a suburb outside of Cincinnati.Annie loved showbiz. She liked to keep the audience on the edge of their seats. When the Butler and Oakley team joined the Sell's Brother Circus, Frank stopped shooting and became Annie's manager and assistant, managing the money and the schedule, throwing up targets for Annie to shoot at, and loading Annie's gun for her. In 1885, Annie joined Buffalo Bill's Wild West show. Annie was injured twice while performing with Buffalo Bill's Wild West show, once from a bug bite, and once from a train crash. In 1913, Annie and Frank retired to Cambridge, on Maryland's Eastern Shore.

Real Madrid Harvard Case

Real Madrid (RM) has been worldwide-known as one of the best soccer club in the world. From its beginnings in 1902, this Spanish soccer club has set the standards of a championship soccer organization and in 1905 had his first international game. A major turning point in the club’s history came with Bernabeu, Real Madrid CF appointed president (1943). He created the strongest brand in soccer synonym of prestige and champions, wining 6 European Cups. He coined â€Å"best in Europe† by international press and acquiring the best soccer talent at any cost. Soon after his death in 1978, the club declined for nearly two decades on the field and financially. Through the 1990's under president Lorenzo Sans, Real Madrid CF was financially restructured. The organization constantly sold players and crucial core operating assets such as stadium rights and media rights to cover operating losses and minimize its significant debt. The club gradually recovered on the field, winning the 7th European Cup in 1998 and in 2000 Perez achieved the club presidency and announced his further plans in order to sanitize the club’s finances. The constant focus of Real is not on the traditional business model which emphasizes on gate receipts and local corporate sponsorships. The main goals of the club include giving Real Madrid the financial flexibility to acquire Talent and expand its brand reach. This could establish the brand globally and maintain supremacy of this brand with continuing to maximize profits and enhance their corporation. They are led to focus on a strategy of maximizing merchandizing and television revenues and in some cases stock values, on an international basis. This business model is not unique as Manchester United and Disney’s Lion King have already adopted it. Manchester United was of course main inspiration because it is master of this new globalization and commercialization model with million supporters worldwide. They have developed subbrands and products targeted to each segment of the market and all the brands are featured in the team’s Web Site which is part of the club’s value. Moreover, in order to â€Å"hit† Asian market they organized preseason tours and opened a coffeehouse chain in southeastern Asia. Not only this example, but also the example of Disney’s Lion King is something that Perez emulated. Lion King costed 50 $ to make, grossed over 766$ million at the box office worldwide in his first year and also generated over 1,5 billion in merchandizing revenue. Therefore, Real Madrid realized that it is important to generate long-term entertainment brands and not just invest in the experience during the match and the gate receipts. Taken into consideration these two examples, Real Madrid focused on match-day, broadcast and pay tv, marketing (merchandize sales, sponsorships) and international competitions. First of all, match-day gate receipts are vital sources of revenue. However, VIP packages and season tickets as well as the construction of new, comfortable stadiums are very important for the club. Merchandizing is also the key to modern management as the sales of branded goods (ex caps, watches etc) and the video games with the interactive applications have helped the development of the club. Sponsorship accounts up to 20% of revenue, with Adidas and Siemens considered to be major sponsors. Also, Audi has provided a car to players and team officials. Real Madrid saw also opportunities in specialized publishing, audiovisual rights and Internet. The club’s site RealMadrid. com had 1. 5 million visitors each month in 2004 and has interviews of players, live feed, etc. Managers can also have one-to-one relationship with fans by mobile telephony, wireless Internet, etc. The role of RealMadrid Television is also very important as it has daily coverage from training, soccer and basketball matches. TV rights is the largest revenue earner cause deregulation of the media industry in Europe in the 1990s resulted in competitive bidding for TV rights, providing an important revenue stream for most teams. Finally, international competitions (ex Champions League, Toyota Cup) and international expansion where soccer has a large appeal (ex. Asia) are vital for the reputation of the brand. The business model of Real Madrid is essential to its development but in order to be implemented effectively there has to be market segmentation. In 2003 over half of the Spanish people considered themselves soccer fans, are nearly 80% men. About 60% of soccer fans in Spain followed Real Madrid and about 30% of spectators were women. The market in this case is segmented by behavior and geographic criteria. As far as behavior is concerned we have: sports fanatics, club and team loyalists, star-struck spectators, social viewers, opportunistic viewers and sports indifferents. Sports fanatics are the most loyal fans of Real who follow news, scores and statistics, usually they have season tickets and discounts and tend to spend a lot on merchandise and related products. They visit the website very often and try to be connected to the club with mobile technologies and personal computers. After sports fanatics, club and team loyalists are also likely to watch football matches, and generally attend sports events, and always try to obtain information about the team through the club’s magazine, TV, Web site, radio, etc. Then, star-struck spectators are actually fans of â€Å"Galacticos†, superstar players, and do not pay attention to the whole team that much. These fans take part in online interactive fantasy sports, play video games and try to get information about their favorite players. So, the main goal for the club in that case is to transfer their interest from the â€Å"star-players† to the whole team. Even less fanatics are the social viewers who are loyal to no team and attend matches whenever they can and use them as means of socializing. Moreover, there are opportunistic viewers who see sports as a form of entertainment and only attend typically in order to have fun with their friends and spend on food and drinks. They only get informed about the teams and the scores randomly, most of the times while watching TV. Finally, there are sports indifferents who are not interested in team sports generally unless it is a big event organized. Of course, the fans should be also segmented by geographic criteria. The system has allowed to spread the team’s name and reputation globally. Therefore, there are the fans in the limits of the country but also the international fans. (For example, soccer is growing very fast in Asia and tours are organized often. ) After pointing out how the market is segmented it is important to mention who is Real Madrid’s customer. This customer, no matter where he lives, he could be either a sports fanatic, a club and team loyalist or a star-struck spectator. He wants to get information about Real and follow the star-players of his team. He is willing to watch a match in the stadium or on TV and have a real connection with the team or with the players’ careers in the particular team. He buys Real Madrid’s accessories and somehow makes this brand part of his everyday life. Futhermore, Real’s customer not only sees football as a form of entertainment with friends, good food and beverages but also has the need to be part of the â€Å"football community†, has the need to ‘breath’ football. Finally, the business model that Real has implemented has many advantages but also includes some serious risks. Under Perez management, Real Madrid had mission to nurture and project the club brand worldwide. But Perez had thought of specific problem which led him to think twice about his management decision. First of all,buying a worldwide class player and including that in Real’s strategy can cause worries about the talent which becomes older and older. In order to achieve high game performance and try to pass the values of â€Å"excellence† and â€Å"prestige† to the audience, unique players with amazing skills are needed. There are always worries whether great players will cease to exist though so far new talents are still discovered. Of course, the soccer cannot be standardized as there is an uncertainty factor- such as lose the match or get knockdown from the big competition- and this is another problem that Real faces as well as any other team. Furthermore, competition between professional club, such as Chelsea, in buying players is another important threat for Real. In this case Chelsea can bring a world class player with extraordinary price to the club and that can have a general impact on player salaries and transfer prices and therefore cause problems to the team balance. Finally, Real’s managers are worried about overexposure and excessive commercialization of the brand as this could lead to opposite results-such as criticism for exploiting the team’s fans and overstretching the brand. Summarizing, all these risks should be taken into consideration and examined carefully in order to be solved long-term and therefore Real’s reputation will not be damaged.

Workplace Bullying And Effective And Ineffective...

Forty-nine percent of all American workers have reported that they have been affected by workplace bullying, whether they were the target or the witness (2). The nursing profession is no exception to this startling statistic. Both the American Nurses Association (ANA) and The Joint Commission (TJC) have addressed the need for a positive work environment that is â€Å"free of abusive behavior, such as bullying, hostility, abuse of authority, and reprisal for identifying abuse in the workplace† (8). Bullying in nursing is thought to begin during undergraduate education and extend into the workplace after graduation (3), with new nurses being suffering the most (6). With the prevalence of those who have been bullied in the workplace, it is safe to say that a nurse or nursing student will be the target of this type of violence at some point in their career (3). The purpose of this paper is to explore the issue of workplace bullying specific to nursing, effective and ineffecti ve management strategies to confront this problem, and the potential barriers to addressing the situation. Bullying behaviors are defined as being â€Å"systematized, targeted, relentless, and long-term† (5). To be classified as bullying it has to be a repeated behavior that escalates over time and involves a target that is structurally unable to protect or defend his or herself (5). There are many different types of bullying that can occur in a nursing environment. 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